Chapter 1 Test (Indigenous Peoples BEFORE the arrival of the French) = Videos #1-5
-03- Monday, October 29th -04- Tuesday, October 30th
Chapter 1 Quiz (Arrival of the French and attempts at colonization -- the end of Chapter 1 Videos #6-9)
-03- Wednesday, November 7th -04- Quiz = Tuesday, November 6th
-03- Monday, October 29th -04- Tuesday, October 30th
Chapter 1 Quiz (Arrival of the French and attempts at colonization -- the end of Chapter 1 Videos #6-9)
-03- Wednesday, November 7th -04- Quiz = Tuesday, November 6th
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VIDEO #1
Aboriginal Languages:
www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-languages
In-class Activity:
collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/scripts/pagesXSL.php?pageid=191_5b_1
www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/aboriginal-people-languages
In-class Activity:
collections.musee-mccord.qc.ca/scripts/pagesXSL.php?pageid=191_5b_1
Video #6 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODK56miF0cQ
Learning Intentions:
1 To explain the causes of European exploration in America
2 To describe the importance of fisheries and whale hunting
3 To name the products traded between native peoples and Europeans
4 To analyze native perspectives on the arrival of the Europeans
Learning Intentions:
1 To explain the causes of European exploration in America
2 To describe the importance of fisheries and whale hunting
3 To name the products traded between native peoples and Europeans
4 To analyze native perspectives on the arrival of the Europeans
- Spanish discovery of new world (North America) (Portugese to South America), other Europeans wanted to find an easier route to the east - ENG and France tried to find a north-west passage to get there.
- - first Europeans to N. America = Basque (Spanish) = fishermen and whalers. Fish was really important to Europeans because Medieval times = fish stock failing in Europe. High demand for fish because Christians ate lots of fish.
- Whalers came from Europe looking for whale (mainly the Basque/Spanish people). Whale oil used for lighting, caulking ships and making textiles. Basque established themselves off Newfoundland to process whales for the whole season. Storing items over the winter but going home then. Some Indigenous people were employed in this. So the Basque dominated the whale and fish trade.
- Basque - Indigenous contact = trade with each other. Metals (knives, pots, arrowheads, necklaces) for fur (beaver fur especially)
- Coast Indigenous peoples get in on this trade, this trades out to those who live inland, but some groups are left out and this causes conflict between those indigenous people who have access and those who don’t to this trade and these trade goods.
Video #7 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODK56miF0cQ
- King of France - Cartier sent to New World because he had already been there (experienced navigating around South America)
- Reason for voyage = discovering gold and precious things (jewels etc) and new route to Asia (for trade)
- 1534 =1st voyage - got to Nfld (Newfoundland) and Gulf of St. Lawrence did some trading with Indigenous ppl. At Gaspe met Iroquois who had a summer fishing camp there
- Established alliance with these Iroquois at the place they called Stadacona (now Quebec City) - Cartier put up a huge cross on their land and claimed it for the King, this upset their chief Donnacona, the French seized him, and kidnapped his sons to take back to France
- 2nd voyage 1535- 3 ships and 110 men. They went up the St. Lawrence and back to Stadacona and continued on to Hochelaga (now Montreal) -- this upset Donnacona because he wanted to control trade with Europeans/have all the benefits for his people. Cartier setup trade in Hochelaga.
- Cartier and men stayed the winter in Stadacona but relationship with Iroquois soured and the men got scurvy and many died from this and the harsh winter
- After winter Europeans went back to France and took sons of Donnacona and they also took Donnacona because Cartier wanted a different chief in power
- 3rd voyage under control of Roberval who was ordered to start a colony, he setup a fort at Cap-Rouge called ‘Charlesbourg-Royal’ in 1541, they stayed over winter but struggled with winter, trade and Indigenous ppl because Cartier left to find gold/diamonds and Roberval wasn’t an easy guy and his ‘colonists’ were criminals taken out of prison
- Cartier returned to France with ‘gold’ and ‘diamonds’ but they were fake
- Colony attempt failed, all French returned to France
Video #8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6uOtyP3AtE
Essential Question(s):
identify objects of rivalry
explain consequence of system of alliances
-different reasons to go for war - Iroquois = revenge as most common, sometimes for control of territories.
-arrival of Europeans changed balance of power, access to goods from europeans was sought after
- destruction of people who met Cartier - these people 1585 - Stadacona and Hochelaga were both empty because the St. Lawrence Iroquois were gone/destroyed. The answer of where they went may be that the Stadaconans was that their fishing village area in Gaspe put them in conflict with the Mikmak so maybe they wiped each other out? Archaeologists say maybe it was because of access to trade routes and hunting areas or maybe access to European goods that caused jealousy and raids on each other.
- either way, result is that those people could no longer be found when Europeans arrived the next time (after Cartier’s voyages)
- late 1570s = another alliance of Algonquian= (Montagnais, Algonquin and Attikamek) who were against the Iroquois
Essential Question(s):
identify objects of rivalry
explain consequence of system of alliances
-different reasons to go for war - Iroquois = revenge as most common, sometimes for control of territories.
-arrival of Europeans changed balance of power, access to goods from europeans was sought after
- destruction of people who met Cartier - these people 1585 - Stadacona and Hochelaga were both empty because the St. Lawrence Iroquois were gone/destroyed. The answer of where they went may be that the Stadaconans was that their fishing village area in Gaspe put them in conflict with the Mikmak so maybe they wiped each other out? Archaeologists say maybe it was because of access to trade routes and hunting areas or maybe access to European goods that caused jealousy and raids on each other.
- either way, result is that those people could no longer be found when Europeans arrived the next time (after Cartier’s voyages)
- late 1570s = another alliance of Algonquian= (Montagnais, Algonquin and Attikamek) who were against the Iroquois
Video #9 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DJab0a2qLzE
Essential Questions:
To identify other French colonization attempts
To explain the significance of the alliance between the French and Indigenous people in 1603
Notes:
- early 1540s = failed attempts by the French to colonize (take-over and settle in) parts of Eastern North America
- France in the 1550s didn't give up, they just tried elsewhere ex. Brazil, Southern U.S.
- 1600 -the French came back and tried at Tadoussac (on the St. Lawrence river), it was a summer camp for the Innu (Montagnais) people (Algonquian tribe) but it was a bad place for a permanent settlement or even for a trading post (bad winters, bad soil)
- first winter for this colony = 5 men of the 16 died
- 1603 = Franco-Aboriginal Alliance --> established trade relationship and mutual defense between the French and the Innu (Montagnais), the Algonquin, Maliseet and the French
-1606-1607 = Port Royal colony attempted but no real success again
Essential Questions:
To identify other French colonization attempts
To explain the significance of the alliance between the French and Indigenous people in 1603
Notes:
- early 1540s = failed attempts by the French to colonize (take-over and settle in) parts of Eastern North America
- France in the 1550s didn't give up, they just tried elsewhere ex. Brazil, Southern U.S.
- 1600 -the French came back and tried at Tadoussac (on the St. Lawrence river), it was a summer camp for the Innu (Montagnais) people (Algonquian tribe) but it was a bad place for a permanent settlement or even for a trading post (bad winters, bad soil)
- first winter for this colony = 5 men of the 16 died
- 1603 = Franco-Aboriginal Alliance --> established trade relationship and mutual defense between the French and the Innu (Montagnais), the Algonquin, Maliseet and the French
-1606-1607 = Port Royal colony attempted but no real success again
First contacts by Europeans-the-basics | |
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